Valitse muuttuja

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[q1_1] No party promotes issues that are important to me

[q1_2] Finland has gone too far into globalisation; from now on we should return our focus to national economy and politics

[q1_3] Finland's ageing and diminishing population means that Finland needs to make immigration easier

[q1_4] Climate change is the biggest environmental threat of our time. In order to prevent it, every country must take immediate and effective measures

[q1_5] Replacing people with machines and automation will cause permanent mass unemployment

[q1_6] If Finns had a more positive attitude to entrepreneurship, the whole society would benefit

[q1_7] Politicians and political parties should inform citizens much more clearly than they do now of the kind of policies they would adopt after being elected

[q1_8] I would be willing to accept a lower wage, if working hours were shortened and I had more leisure time

[q1_9] Economic growth is the only way to continuous well-being

[q1_10] In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent

[q1_11] Finland has to take quick measures to reduce its rapidly growing national debt, whatever cuts in benefits and welfare it may require

[q1_12] High income tax reduces my willingness to work

[q1_13] Finland should increasingly manage its relationship with Russia through the EU, not directly

[q1_14] Income disparity between different population groups has grown too large in our country

[q1_15] It is likely that I will have to learn a new trade in the near future due to structural change

[q1_16] Alcohol problems are glossed over and downplayed at Finnish workplaces and generally in society

[q1_17] Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values

[q1_18] Interest groups have too much influence on Finland's political decision making

[q1_19] It doesn't make a difference which parties form the government after the next parliamentary elections, the present policy is not going to change

[q1_20] Finland should participate in international tax competition more, and lower income, corporation and capital taxes considerably

[q1_21] It would be good if the party system in Finland developed towards a two-party system (a system of two leading parties, for example, a 'bourgeois'/conservative party and a 'leftist' party)

[q1_22] It is fair that the foreign top experts persuaded to move to Finland pay a lower income tax than ordinary Finnish citizens

[q1_23] Even though comprehensive social security and public services are costly, Finnish welfare state is always good value for money

[q1_24] If taxes were lowered, I would be willing to give up some of the services I receive from the state and municipalities

[q1_25] Personally, I would be glad to pay more taxes than I do at the moment

[q1_26] Instead of constantly raising taxes, the efficiency of the public sector should be improved

[q1_27] Being an entrepreneur in Finland entails so high payments and risks that 'only a madman' would want to become an entrepreneur in favour of a steady paid job

[q1_28] A model based on freedom of choice should be adopted in public primary health care, where citizens can choose their place of treatment out of municipal health centres and private health care units

[q1_29] In the current financial situation, introducing tax cuts would display a lack of solidarity because they would mainly benefit people with average and high income

[q1_30] Unless the organisation and activities of the trade union movement are rebuilt on a totally new basis, it will not be able to promote the interests of its members in the future

[q1_31] I would be willing to take any job going rather than be unemployed

[q1_32] Even if taxation in Finland were to increase somewhat from its current level, it would not cause significant harm to the economy and investments

[q1_33] Recent events in the Middle East (e.g. ISIS) have increased the threat of terrorism also in Finland

[q1_34] Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have no reason to take a negative attitude to this big neighbour

[q1_35] Finland has a responsibility to participate in international crisis management operations all over the world

[q1_36] I am interested in politics and follow it actively

[q1_37] What is essential in public services is their availability to all citizens, not who provides them

[q1_38] I am so attached to my own region of residence that I would not move anywhere else even to get a job

[q1_39] Increased threat of Russia has already led to a growth in 'Finlandisation'

[q1_40] It is good that right-wing and left-wing parties can be in the same government in Finland

[q1_41] It is fair that top professionals are significantly better paid than others, even if it increases income inequality

[q1_42] Basic income or the so-called citizen's income is a bad idea, because 'free' money eliminates people's willingness to work

[q1_43] It would be fair if people who take good care of their health were provided incentives, such as tax deductions

[q1_44] Finland should join NATO

[q1_45] The crisis in Ukraine and Russia's increased military operations have made my attitude towards Finland's potential NATO membership more positive than before

[q1_46] Taxation should be lowered so that highly skilled people and owners / big shareholders would not move away from Finland

[q1_47] In the future, Finland's pension systems will collapse and the payment of even 'already earned' pensions will become impossible

[q1_48] Limiting the availability or advertising of alcohol will not fix the alcohol problems in Finland

[q2_1] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Improving employment/reducing unemployment

[q2_2] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Preventing the growth of national debt

[q2_3] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Lowering taxes

[q2_4] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Improving the level of social security benefits

[q2_5] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Promoting Finland's NATO membership

[q2_6] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Increasing freedom of choice in health care

[q2_7] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Increasing the funding of education

[q2_8] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Stricter environmental laws

[q2_9] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Increasing labour market flexibility

[q2_10] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Reducing the problems of growth centres

[q2_11] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Reducing the problems of rural and remote areas

[q2_12] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Preventing crime

[q2_13] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Promoting immigration

[q2_14] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Promoting economic competition

[q2_15] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: EU issues, taking a more active role in developing the Union

[q2_16] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Foreign relations, being active in foreign policy issues

[q2_17] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Development cooperation, helping developing countries

[q2_18] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Advancing economic growth

[q2_19] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Cutting public spending

[q3a_1] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Skilled in economics, creator of new jobs and growth

[q3a_2] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Unites the nation, builds peace

[q3a_3] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Patriotic, has always Finland's best interest in mind

[q3a_4] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Trustworthy leader, does not falter in difficult situations

[q3a_5] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Skilled in foreign and security policy

[q3a_6] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Independent of interest groups and 'cliques'

[q3a_7] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Able to represent Finland, even by international standards

[q3a_8] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Understands the everyday life of ordinary Finns

[q3a_9] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Fair and just, able to see all the different sides of an issue

[q3a_10] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Stands up for the weak and oppressed

[q3b_1] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Skilled in economics, creator of new jobs and growth

[q3b_2] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Unites the nation, builds peace

[q3b_3] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Patriotic, has always Finland's best interest in mind

[q3b_4] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Trustworthy leader, does not falter in difficult situations

[q3b_5] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Skilled in foreign and security policy

[q3b_6] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Independent of interest groups and 'cliques'

[q3b_7] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Able to represent Finland, even by international standards

[q3b_8] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Understands the everyday life of ordinary Finns

[q3b_9] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Fair and just, able to see all the different sides of an issue

[q3b_10] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Stands up for the weak and oppressed

[q3c_1] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Skilled in economics, creator of new jobs and growth

[q3c_2] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Unites the nation, builds peace

[q3c_3] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Patriotic, has always Finland's best interest in mind

[q3c_4] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Trustworthy leader, does not falter in difficult situations

[q3c_5] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Skilled in foreign and security policy

[q3c_6] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Independent of interest groups and 'cliques'

[q3c_7] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Able to represent Finland, even by international standards

[q3c_8] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Understands the everyday life of ordinary Finns

[q3c_9] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Fair and just, able to see all the different sides of an issue

[q3c_10] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Stands up for the weak and oppressed

[q3d_1] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Skilled in economics, creator of new jobs and growth

[q3d_2] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Unites the nation, builds peace

[q3d_3] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Patriotic, has always Finland's best interest in mind

[q3d_4] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Trustworthy leader, does not falter in difficult situations

[q3d_5] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Skilled in foreign and security policy

[q3d_6] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Independent of interest groups and 'cliques'

[q3d_7] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Able to represent Finland, even by international standards

[q3d_8] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Understands the everyday life of ordinary Finns

[q3d_9] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Fair and just, able to see all the different sides of an issue

[q3d_10] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Stands up for the weak and oppressed

[q4_1] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Decision-makers are too inexperienced

[q4_2] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Politicians are guided too much by self-interest

[q4_3] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: There are too many political parties with diverging goals in Finland

[q4_4] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Politicians are afraid of polls, of being judged by the people

[q4_5] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Decision-makers have become alienated from the everyday life of Finns

[q4_6] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Politicians are afraid of media reaction and negative publicity

[q4_7] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Decision-making has shifted too much to the EU

[q4_8] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: The position of the Prime Minister is too weak

[q4_9] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Politicians attempt to secure populist 'quick wins'

[q4_10] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: The role of bureaucracy is too strong

[q5_1] Taxation in Finland is too severe

[q5_2] Stricter income taxation of high income earners (progressive taxation) is fair nowadays

[q5_3] Differences in financial circumstances between population groups are evened out too much through taxation

[q5_4] Labour taxation should be lowered and the tax burden on consumption increased

[q5_5] Tax cuts would increase tax revenue, as economic activity would increase

[q5_6] Taxation should not be lowered if it leads to the weakening of social security and public services

[q5_7] I feel my taxes are unfairly high

[q6_1] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Earned income (wages and pensions) taxes should be...

[q6_2] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Corporate income taxes should be...

[q6_3] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Capital income (investment income) taxes should be...

[q6_4] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Inheritance and gift taxes should be...

[q6_5] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Immovable property (real estate) taxes should be...

[q6_6] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Energy taxes and excise duties on fuels should be...

[q6_7] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Excise duties on alcoholic beverages should be...

[q6_8] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Consumption taxes (value-added tax, VAT) should be...

[q6_9] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? VAT on food should be...

[q6_10] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Total tax rate, that is, collected total tax revenues, should be...

[q7_1] How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over the next few years: Terms and conditions of employment will be agreed locally/at company level

[q7_2] How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over the next few years: Casual work and project-length contracts will increase

[q7_3] How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over the next few years: An increasing number of people will become entrepreneurs/self-employed instead of being employees

[q7_4] How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over the next few years: People will learn to accept insecure jobs

[q7_5] How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over the next few years: There will be better possibilities to choose what one's duties at work are

[q7_6] How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over the next few years: Ageing people will carry on working to a significantly higher age than they do nowadays

[q8_1] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Increasing weekly working hours

[q8_2] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Making it more difficult to take early retirement or get disability pension

[q8_3] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Raising old-age pension age to make people work longer

[q8_4] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Reducing the duration of full-time education to make young people graduate sooner, increasing working careers from the beginning

[q8_5] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Providing new financial incentives for older people willing to work longer

[q8_6] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Increasing annual working hours by shortening annual leave entitlement

[q8_7] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Increasing the working age population by promoting immigration to Finland

[q8_8] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Making it more difficult to get unemployment benefits

[q9_1] In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Waiting time to get a doctor's appointment in municipal health centres

[q9_2] In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Prevention of health problems, early intervention

[q9_3] In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Equality between citizens in health care

[q9_4] In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Waiting times for surgery and other kinds of secondary care

[q9_5] In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Rehabilitation therapy after treatment

[q9_6] In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Paying attention to customers' concerns and opinions

[q9_7] In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Freedom of choice, possibility for citizens to choose where and by whom they are to be treated

[q9_8] In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Services are located close enough

[q10a] Which health services do you primarily use? Do you use...

[q10b] How healthy do you feel nowadays? Do you feel...

[q11_1] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Good neighbour and cooperation partner

[q11_2] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Major military threat

[q11_3] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Developing democracy

[q11_4] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Dictatorship with a strong central control

[q11_5] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Unstable and unpredictable

[q11_6] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Important business partner

[q11_7] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Unreliable contracting party

[q11_8] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Russian citizens are pleasant people

[q11_9] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Developing quickly and becoming rapidly more affluent

[q11_10] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Unequal, wide income and welfare disparity

[q11_11] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Part of the European cultural sphere

[q12a] What is your attitude towards Finland's EU membership at present?

[q12b] And what is your attitude towards the fact that our currency was changed from the Finnish mark to euro?

[q12c] Do you think that the euro and EMU membership are an advantage or disadvantage to Finland in the current economic situation?

[q12d] If the referendum on Finland's EU membership was held now, would you be in favour of the membership or against it?

[psukup] The respondent's gender

[psvuosi] The respondent's year of birth

[pmaak] The respondent's region of residence (NUTS3)

[t3] Number of inhabitants in the respondent's municipality of residence

[t4] The respondent's basic education

[t5] The respondent's vocational education

[t6] The respondent's economic activity and occupational status

[t7] The respondent's current or most recent industry of employment

[t8] If parliamentary elections were held now, which political party or group would you vote for?

[t14] Are you a member of a federation of trade unions/professional organisations?

[t14a] Which federation of trade unions/professional organisations are you a member of?

[q15] Which social class do you feel you primarily belong to?

[paino] Weight variable