Study title

International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) in Finland 2009: Students

Alternative Title

ICCS 2009: Finnish Data

Dataset ID Number

FSD2760

Persistent identifier

urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2760

Data Type

Quantitative

Authors

• International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA)
• Kupari, Pekka (University of Jyväskylä. Finnish Institute for Educational Research)
• Suoninen, Annikka (University of Jyväskylä. Finnish Institute for Educational Research)
• Törmäkangas, Kari (University of Jyväskylä. Finnish Institute for Educational Research)

Abstract

The study on young people's civic competencies, participation and attitudes was conducted in Finnish schools in 2009 as part of a larger ICCS 2009 study. It investigated the civic skills and knowledge of young people as well as their disposition to active citizenship. The study had three parts: one for students, teachers and schools each. The questionnaire for students is the broadest of the three with questions focusing on the students' civic awareness and views on civic society and European identity. This dataset includes the international, European and national modules of the student questionnaire. The FSD participated in the funding of the study.

The first section presented the international questions. The respondents were asked how often they did different activities outside school (doing homework, discussing political issues with friends etc), whether they had participated in the activities of different associations and organisations, and whether they had participated in civic activities in their school (e.g. been involved in the school's decision-making). A number of statements related to civics classes and student participation at school (e.g. "students can openly disagree with the teachers", "every school should have a student board").

Views on society were charted with several statements relating to freedom of speech, rights of the citizens and the role of the media. The respondents were asked how important different actions are if one is to be a good citizen, for instance, voting in all national elections, following politics in different media and always abiding by the law. Opinions on equal rights in society were probed with various statements (e.g. "men and women should get equal pay when they are doing the same jobs", "all ethnic groups should have an equal chance to get a good education in Finland"). Perceptions of Finland were investigated with questions covering trust in civic institutions, attitudes towards Finland, and political party preference. Interest in political and social issues was investigated, as well as self-perceived awareness and knowledge of these issues.

The respondents were requested to rate how well they would perform in different civic activities (e.g. writing a letter to a newspaper) and whether they would be prepared to protest by using different means (wearing a badge or t-shirt expressing their opinion, occupying public buildings etc.) The respondents were asked how they expected they were going to participate in politics and civil society as adults. The questions in the international module have been coded with the letter 'i' (e.g. i13_2).

The second section covered questions relating to European citizenship and identity. These included, among others, statements probing whether the respondents saw themselves primarily as citizens of Europe or Finland, felt pride for living in Europe and thought themselves as part of the EU. The respondents' civic participation at the European level (school trips to other European countries etc.) was investigated, as well as the opportunities to participate provided by the respondents' schools. Involvement in discussion about issues and events relating to Europe was charted. Attitudes toward intercultural relations were surveyed with numerous statements focusing on European language learning, freedom of movement within Europe, equal opportunities for different groups, and immigration. The respondents were asked to rate several statements regarding European policies, the single currency and European integration (e.g. "it would be good if European countries had more similar rules and laws", "all countries in Europe should aspire to become members of the European Union"). The respondents also rated their knowledge of the EU.

National questions covered what degree of influence the respondents thought students of their age could have by using different means and how often they participated in the activities of different organisations, clubs or groups. The importance of Internet for different activities and purposes, as well as trust in civic institutions (universities, religious communities etc.) and market forces were charted. The questions in the European and national modules have been coded with the letter 'e'.

In addition to question and background variables, there are several auxiliary and weight variables in the data. For more information on these variables, see Data appraisal and notes.

Background variables included, among others, the respondent's date of birth, gender, group identification, expected level of education, country of birth, language spoken at home, parents' levels of education, number of books in the household, and household composition.

Keywords

attitudes; citizen participation; citizenship; democracy; education; political action; political awareness; political interest; political participation; schoolchildren; schoolteachers; social systems; teaching

Topic Classification

• Social sciences (Fields of Science Classification)
• Youth (CESSDA Topic Classification)
• Political behaviour and attitudes (CESSDA Topic Classification)
• Compulsory and pre-school education (CESSDA Topic Classification)

Series

Individual datasets

Distributor

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Access

The dataset is (A) openly available for all users without registration (CC BY 4.0).

Data Collector

• Kupari, Pekka (University of Jyväskylä. Finnish Institute for Educational Research)
• Suoninen, Annikka (University of Jyväskylä. Finnish Institute for Educational Research)
• Törmäkangas, Kari (University of Jyväskylä. Finnish Institute for Educational Research)

Data Producers

• International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement
• Ministry of Education and Culture
• University of Jyväskylä. Finnish Institute for Educational Research

Time Period Covered

2009

Collection Dates

2009-02-15 – 2009-03-15

Nation

Finland

Geographical Coverage

Finland

Analysis/Observation Unit Type

Individual

Universe

Eight-graders in Finnish lower secondary school aged over 13,5 years (excluding students in special needs education institutions and those living in the Åland Islands)

Time Method

Cross-section

Sampling Procedure

Probability: Cluster: Stratified random

Stratified cluster sampling with four major regions (NUTS2) and one Swedish-speaking region as strata. These strata were further divided into urban and rural municipalities.

First, 186 schools were selected taking into account the number of pupils on 8th grade in each school. One or two substitute schools were chosen for each selected school. From each selected school, one 8th grade class was selected using simple random sampling.

The total sample size was 3,496 students. 3,307 pupils in 176 schools participated in the survey.

Collection Mode

Face-to-face interview: Paper-and-pencil (PAPI)

Research Instrument

Structured questionnaire

Response Rate

95

Data File Language

Downloaded data package may contain different language versions of the same files.

The data files of this dataset are available in the following languages: Finnish.

FSD translates quantitative data into English on request, free of charge. More information on ordering data translation.

Data Version

2.0

Related Datasets

FSD2298 IEA Civic Education Study 1999: Finland

FSD2761 International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) in Finland 2009: Teachers

FSD2762 International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) in Finland 2009: Schools

Completeness of Data and Restrictions

Making statistical analysis of the data without the use of weight variables may lead to the results not being applicable to the whole population.

In addition to weight variables, the dataset includes international ablility estimates which relate to the questionnaire section on the civic knowledge of students. These can be used in plausible value methodology that leads to more accurate population estimates. However, the use of these estimates requires a good knowledge of the plausible value method. In the dataset, there is also one variable estimating a student's civic knowledge scores the use of which is possible when the Finnish data alone are being analysed. Furthermore, there are two variables for the use in the jackknife technique that can be used to compute standard errors in population statistics. For further information on the variables and their use, see IEA 2011: ICCS 2009 Technical Report and IEA 2011: ICCS 2009 User Guide for the International Database.

During the ICCS study data collection, the students' civic knowledge was tested with an examination. The questions in the examination are not included in the archived data. The open-ended questions 6a and 6b in the questionnaire have been recoded into variable i6. Similarly, questions 8a and 8b have been recoded into variable i8.

Weighting

The data include seven international weight variables: WGTFAC1 (school base weight), WGTADJ1S (school non-response adjustment), WGTFAC2S (class base weight), WGTADJ2S (class non-response adjustment), WGTADJ3S (student non-response adjustment), TOTWGTS (final student weight) and SENWGTS. The weights have been created to correct bias caused by the sampling method and the use of some of them is essential also for the Finnish data. SENWGTS is a rescaled TOTWGTS variable to be used in international comparisons, the use of which is not necessary in analysing the Finnish data only. More information on the weights in the ICCS 2009 Technical Report downloadable from http://iccs.acer.edu.au

Citation Requirement

The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.

Bibliographical Citation

International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) & Kupari, Pekka (University of Jyväskylä) & Suoninen, Annikka (University of Jyväskylä) & Törmäkangas, Kari (University of Jyväskylä): International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) in Finland 2009: Students [dataset]. Version 2.0 (2018-08-20). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2760

Deposit Requirement

Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.

Disclaimer

The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

Related Materials

Suoninen, Annikka & Kupari, Pekka & Törmäkangas, Kari (2011). Nuorten yhteiskunnalliset tiedot, osallistuminen ja asenteet. Kansainvälisen ICCS 2009 -tutkimuksen päätulokset. Jyväskylä: Koulutuksen tutkimuslaitos. Saatavilla: http://ktl.jyu.fi/img/portal/19254/ICCS-RAPORTTI_VERKKOVERSIO.pdf [viitattu 12.7.2012].

Suoninen, Annikka & Kupari, Pekka & Törmäkangas, Kari (2010): Nuorten yhteiskunnalliset tiedot, osallistuminen ja asenteet. Kansainvälisen ICCS 2009 -tutkimuksen ensituloksia. Jyväskylä: Koulutuksen tutkimuslaitos. Saatavilla: http://ktl.jyu.fi/img/portal/17876/ICCS_2009_verkkoversio_v2.pdf [viitattu 12.7.2012]

Brese, Falk & Jung, Michael & Mirazchiyski, Plamen & Schulz, Wolfram & Zuehlke, Olaf (2011): ICCS 2009 User Guide for the International Database. Amsterdam: The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. Ladattavissa: http://rms.iea-dpc.org/ [viitattu 12.7.2012].

Schulz, Wolfram & Ainley, John & Fraillon, Julian (2011): ICCS 2009 Technical Report. Amsterdam: The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. Ladattavissa: http://rms.iea-dpc.org/ [viitattu 12.7.2012].

Schulz, Wolfram & Ainley, John & Fraillon, Julian & Kerr, David & Losito, Bruno (2010): ICCS 2009 International Report: Civic knowledge, attitudes and engagement among lower-secondary school students in 38 countries. Amsterdam: The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. Ladattavissa: rms.iea-dpc.org/ [viitattu 12.7.2012].

Related Publications

Suoninen, Annikka & Kupari, Pekka & Törmäkangas, Kari (2011). Nuorten yhteiskunnalliset tiedot, osallistuminen ja asenteet. Kansainvälisen ICCS 2009 -tutkimuksen päätulokset. Jyväskylä: Koulutuksen tutkimuslaitos. Saatavilla: http://ktl.jyu.fi/img/portal/19254/ICCS-RAPORTTI_VERKKOVERSIO.pdf [viitattu 12.7.2012].

Brese, Falk & Jung, Michael & Mirazchiyski, Plamen & Schulz, Wolfram & Zuehlke, Olaf (2011): ICCS 2009 User Guide for the International Database. Amsterdam: The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. Ladattavissa: http://rms.iea-dpc.org/ [viitattu 12.7.2012].

Schulz, Wolfram & Ainley, John & Fraillon, Julian (2011): ICCS 2009 Technical Report. Amsterdam: The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. Ladattavissa: http://rms.iea-dpc.org/ [viitattu 12.7.2012].

Schulz, Wolfram & Ainley, John & Fraillon, Julian & Kerr, David & Losito, Bruno (2010): ICCS 2009 International Report: Civic knowledge, attitudes and engagement among lower-secondary school students in 38 countries. Amsterdam: The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. Ladattavissa: rms.iea-dpc.org/ [viitattu 12.7.2012].

Suoninen, Annikka & Kupari, Pekka & Törmäkangas, Kari (2010): Nuorten yhteiskunnalliset tiedot, osallistuminen ja asenteet. Kansainvälisen ICCS 2009 -tutkimuksen ensituloksia. Jyväskylä: Koulutuksen tutkimuslaitos. Saatavilla: http://ktl.jyu.fi/img/portal/17876/ICCS_2009_verkkoversio_v2.pdf [viitattu 12.7.2012]

Homan, Milja (2014) Suomalaisten nuorten kansallinen ja eurooppalainen identiteetti. Heikkoja vai vahvoja, yhteneviä vai vastakkaisia? Pro gradu -tutkielma. Sosiologia. Yhteiskuntatieteiden ja filosofian laitos. Jyväskylä: Jyväskylän yliopisto.

Kodista ja kiinnostuksesta se lähtee. Suomalaisnuorten kansalaispätevyys ja yhteiskunnalliset asenteet (2012). Toim. Kupari, Pekka & Siisiäinen, Martti. Jyväskylä: Jyväskylän yliopisto, Koulutuksen tutkimuslaitos.

Rytioja, Anni-Reetta (2016). Kansalaisuuden rajanvetoa. Kansalaisuuden ulottuvuudet aikuisten ja nuorten kertomina. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto. Sosiologian pro gradu -tutkielma. URN:NBN:fi:uta-201602031152

Vallbacka, Essi (2017) Osallistumattomat teinit. Tilastollinen tutkimus kahdeksasluokkalaisten yhteiskunnallisesta osallistumisesta ja kansalaisuuskäsityksistä. Kandidaatintutkielma. Sosiaalipolitiikka, yhteiskuntatieteiden tiedekunta. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto.

Rytioja, A. & Kallio, K.P. (2018). Opittua käsitteistöä vai koettua yhteiskunnallisuutta? Pohdintoja kansalaisuudesta lasten ja nuorten näkökulmasta. Sosiologia [hyväksytty julkaistavaksi]

Pippuri, Iiris (2017). Correspondence Analysis. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto. Tilastotieteen kandidaatintutkielma.

Kanninen, Anna (2019). Perhetaustan yhteys nuorten kokemaan kouluviihtyvyyteen: Moniluokitteluanalyysi vanhemman kulttuuripääoman vaikutuksesta kahdeksasluokkalaisten kouluviihtyvyyteen Suomessa. Jyväskylä: Jyväskylän yliopisto. Sosiologian kandidaatintutkielma.