FSD1219 Poverty and Welfare Survey 1995

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Study title

Poverty and Welfare Survey 1995

Dataset ID Number

FSD1219

Persistent identifier

urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1219

Data Type

Quantitative

Authors

  • Kangas, Olli (University of Turku. Department of Social Policy)
  • Ritakallio, Veli-Matti (University of Turku. Department of Social Policy)

Other Identification/Acknowledgements

  • The data were collected in the autumn 1994 as a part of the study section "Who is poor?". The study section itself belonged to the Advanced Studies module of Social Policy. Several teachers and students participated.

Abstract

First topic covered by the survey was housing: characteristics of the respondents' accommodation (size, number of rooms), housing costs, owner-occupied or rented, satisfaction with various aspects (e.g. neighbourhood, public transport). Respondents were asked about their education, occupation, own and spouses' employment situation, experiences of unemployment, unemployment benefits received and standard of living in their childhood home. Present standard of living and changes in it over time were queried.

Some questions were asked about which items and services the respondents regarded as necessary for present-day Finnish adults or for respondents themselves (e.g. domestic appliances, car, clothing, newspaper, adequate diet and housing, nights out, hobbies, holidays, celebrations and presents, social activities, meeting the costs of public transport, health care, mobile phone, PC, insurance). Opinions on necessities for families with children were queried (toys, leisure equipment, social and leisure activities, closeness of play ground, own bedroom for each child) and whether these should be covered with social security. Respondents were then asked whether they themselves could afford the above mentioned items and services.

Respondents' financial situation was examined by asking whether they had had problems paying their bills, had borrowed money from others, could raise extra money if needed, had been able to buy things they wanted or had recently made major purchases (e.g. car, house or boat). Opinions on minimum income for their own family, for one adult or for two-children two-adults families were surveyed. The survey also carried attitudinal questions about poverty, social security and people in need of social security benefits.

Experiences of poverty were studied by asking whether respondents or a family member would be entitled to subsistence subsidy/maintenance grant or had ever received it. Household monthly income, monthly costs and loans (including mortgage) were queried. Students were asked whether they had study loans. Background variables included respondents' sex, age, marital status, household composition, place of residence at present and at the age of 14, type of municipality, education, occupation and socioeconomic status.

Keywords

basic needs; consumer goods; consumption; domestic appliances; employment; household budgets; housing; income support; loans; poverty; social security benefits; standard of living

Topic Classification

Series

Poverty and Welfare Surveys

Distributor

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Access

The dataset is (D) available only by permission from the data depositor/creator.

Data Collector

  • University of Turku. Department of Social Policy

Data Producers

  • University of Turku. Department of Social Policy

Time Period Covered

1995

Collection Dates

1994-12 – 1995

Nation

Finland

Geographical Coverage

Finland

Analysis/Observation Unit Type

Individual

Household

Universe

Finnish adults aged 18-70 living in Finland

Time Method

Cross-section

Sampling Procedure

Probability: Simple random

The sample of 3000 persons was selected from Finland's Population Register.

The postal service was not able to find 141 sampled persons. After two follow-up mailings, there were 1895 responses.

Collection Mode

Self-administered questionnaire: Paper

Research Instrument

Structured questionnaire

Response Rate

65

Data File Language

Downloaded data package may contain different language versions of the same files.

The data files of this dataset are available in the following languages: Finnish.

FSD translates quantitative data into English on request, free of charge. More information on ordering data translation.

Data Version

2.0

Completeness of Data and Restrictions

The data do not contain answers to the open-ended question 34. The variable connected to the first value of the question 61 is missing. The variable connected to the question 11 has been removed on account of ambiguous coding.

Weighting

There are no weight variables in the data.

Citation Requirement

The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.

Bibliographical Citation

Kangas, Olli (University of Turku) & Ritakallio, Veli-Matti (University of Turku): Poverty and Welfare Survey 1995 [dataset]. Version 2.0 (2018-08-08). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1219

Deposit Requirement

Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.

Disclaimer

The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

Related Publications Tooltip

Kuka on köyhä? Köyhyys 1990-luvun puolivälin Suomessa (1996). Toim. Olli Kangas & Veli-Matti Ritakallio. Helsinki: Stakes Sosiaali- ja terveysalan tutkimus- ja kehittämiskeskuksen tutkimuksia; 65.

Kuoppala, Mikko & Ritakallio, Veli-Matti & Salmela, Tapio (1996). Ovatko opiskelijat köyhiä? Yliopisto-opiskelijoiden toimeentulo. Teoksessa: Kuka on köyhä? Köyhyys 1990-luvun puolivälin Suomessa (1996). Toim. Olli Kangas & Veli-Matti Ritakallio. Helsinki: Stakes. Sosiaali- ja terveysalan tutkimus- ja kehittämiskeskuksen tutkimuksia; 65.

Kangas, Olli & Sikiö, Jaana (1996). Kunnon kansalaisia vai laiskoja lurjuksia? Suomalaisten käsitykset toimeentulotuen saajista. Teoksessa: Kuka on köyhä? Köyhyys 1990-luvun puolivälin Suomessa (1996). Toim. Olli Kangas & Veli-Matti Ritakallio. Helsinki: Stakes. Sosiaali- ja terveysalan tutkimus- ja kehittämiskeskuksen tutkimuksia; 65.

Kangas, Olli & Ritakallio, Veli-Matti (2003). Eri metodit, eri trendit - köyhyys Suomessa 1990-luvulla. Turku: Turun yliopisto. Turun yliopiston sosiaalipolitiikan laitoksen julkaisuja; A 13/2003.

Kangas, Olli & Ritakallio, Veli-Matti (2003). Moniuloitteisen köyhyyden trendit 1990-luvulla. Teoksessa: Laman varjo ja nousun huuma (toim. Olli Kangas). Helsinki: Kansaneläkelaitos. Sosiaali- ja terveysturvan tutkimuksia; 72.

Forssén, Katja (1996). Paljonko lapset maksavat? Sosiaalisen konsensuksen metodi kulutusyksikkölukujen määrittelyssä. Teoksessa: Kuka on köyhä? Köyhyys 1990-luvun puolivälin Suomessa (1996). Toim. Olli Kangas & Veli-Matti Ritakallio. Helsinki: Stakes. Sosiaali- ja terveysalan tutkimus- ja kehittämiskeskuksen tutkimuksia; 65.

Angerpuro, Kirsi (1996). Mikä selittää tyytyväisyyskokemukset? Tulojen, toimeentulon muutosten ja viiteryhmän valinnan vaikutus tyytyväisyyden kokemiseen. Teoksessa: Kuka on köyhä? Köyhyys 1990-luvun puolivälin Suomessa (1996). Toim. Olli Kangas & Veli-Matti Ritakallio. Helsinki: Stakes. Sosiaali- ja terveysalan tutkimus- ja kehittämiskeskuksen tutkimuksia; 65.

Aalto, Tiina (1996). Epävakaiden työmarkkina-asemien kasautuminen samaan parisuhteeseen. Teoksessa: Kuka on köyhä? Köyhyys 1990-luvun puolivälin Suomessa (1996), 157-176. Toim. Olli Kangas & Veli-Matti Ritakallio. Helsinki: Stakes. Sosiaali- ja terveysalan tutkimus- ja kehittämiskeskuksen tutkimuksia; 65.

Airio, I. & Niemelä, M. (2004) Turvaako työ köyhyydeltä? Tutkimus työssä olevien köyhyydestä vuosina 1995 ja 2000. Janus 1/2004.

Kangas, O. & Ritakallio, V-M. (1998) Different Methods - Different Results. Approaches to Multidimensional Poverty. In Hans-Jurgen Andress (ed), Empirical Poverty Research in a Comparative Perspective. Ashgate, Aldershot. 167-203.

Kangas, O. & Ritakallio, V-M. (2008) Köyhyyden mittaustavat, sosiaaliturvan riittävyys ja köyhyyden yleisyys Suomessa. Sosiaali- ja terveysturvan selosteita 61. Helsinki: Kelan tutkimuslaitos.

Kuivalainen, S. (2011) Suomalaisten mielipiteet vähimmäisturvan tasosta vuosina 1995-2010. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka 76 (4), 373-386.

Kuivalainen, S. & Erola, J. (2017) Swinging support? Economic cycles and changes in the public attitudes towards welfare recipients in Finland 1995-2010. European Societies 19 (4), 419-439.

Niemelä, M. (2005) Sukulaisten ja ystävien taloudellinen apu - tärkeä osa huono-osaisten toimeentuloa? Yhteiskuntapolitiikka 70 (4), 417-420.

Niemelä, M. (2007) Alueellisten toimeentuloerojen monimuotoisuus Suomessa 1995-2005. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka 72 (4).

Ritakallio, V-M. (2007) Vauraudesta osattomaksi jääneet - köyhyys Suomessa 1995-2005. Helsinki: Työväen sivistysliitto.

Grönroos, T. (2017) Liian korkea, sopiva vai liian matala? Suomalaisten suhtautuminen toimeentulotuen tasoon vuosien 1995 ja 2015 välillä. Pro gradu -tutkielma. Turun yliopisto.

Kortemäki, J. (2012) Suomalaisten mielipiteet toimeentulotuen riittävyydestä vuosina 1995-2010. Pro gradu -tutkielma. Sosiaalipolitiikka. Turun yliopisto.

Kuokkanen, H. (2016) Näkemykset välttämättömyyskuluttamisesta Suomessa. Ajallinen kehitys vuodesta 1995 vuoteen 2015. Pro gradu -tutkielma. Sosiaalityö. Turun yliopisto.

Study description in machine readable DDI-C 2.5 format

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