Study title

Gallup Ecclesiastica 1999

Dataset ID Number

FSD1107

Persistent identifier

urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1107

Data Type

Quantitative

Authors

• Church Research Institute

Abstract

The survey contains questions about church and religion. The respondents were asked whether they were members of a church, and if they were members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, had they ever thought about resigning from it. Furthermore, the respondents were asked how often they participated in various religious ceremonies or activities, such as church services, communions, church concerts, revival meetings, or field trips, and how often they prayed, read the bible/a Christian magazine, or followed religious programmes on television or in the radio. The respondents were also asked whether they believed in the existence of God, in biblical miracles, and in some other ecclesiastical teachings. Their opinions about the liturgical reform, freedom of religion in Finland, and the afterlife were canvassed. The respondents were asked to estimate how significant the various reasons for being a member of the church were to them, and who in Finland should be responsible for graveyard maintenance.

Furthermore, they were asked whether they had been subjected to religious threats, demands, or sanctions, or discriminated against because of their religious convictions during the past year. They were finally presented with a list of duties belonging to the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church and its congregations, and asked to estimate how well the church and its congregations have fulfilled these obligations.

Background variables included the respondent's age, sex, education, professional group, income group, province of residence, and type of municipality of residence.

Keywords

church; pastoral work; religious attendance; religious behaviour; religious beliefs; religious ceremonies; religious discrimination; religious freedom; religious movements; religious practice

Topic Classification

• Social sciences (Fields of Science Classification)
• Humanities (Fields of Science Classification)
• Religion and values (CESSDA Topic Classification)

Series

Gallup Ecclesiastica

Distributor

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Access

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

Data Collector

• Gallup Finland

Data Producers

• Church Research Institute

Time Period Covered

1999

Collection Dates

1999-10-27 – 1999-11-14

Nation

Finland

Geographical Coverage

Finland

Analysis/Observation Unit Type

Individual

Universe

Finnish population aged 15 or over (excluding the Åland Islands)

Time Method

Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section

Sampling Procedure

Probability: Multistage

The sample was drawn in three stages. In the first stage, the number of subjects required by the survey was regionally divided by provinces. In the second stage, the number of subjects was further subdivided within each province by the type of municipality. Municipality type was determined in two different ways: city municipalities were divided into large and small cities according to their population size, and rural municipalities into three groups based on the occupational structure of the population. The survey municipalities were representatively selected on the basis of the forementioned strata. In the third stage, starting points (addresses) were selected in each municipality. The number of starting point was based on the population size. The interviews were conducted by using the random-walk method. Six interviews were made starting from each of the randomly selected starting points. In each household, one member corresponding to the age and gender eligibility criteria was chosen for the interview.

Collection Mode

Face-to-face interview: Computer-assisted (CAPI/CAMI)

Research Instrument

Structured questionnaire

Data File Language

Downloaded data package may contain different language versions of the same files.

The data files of this dataset are available in the following languages: English and Finnish.

FSD translates quantitative data into English on request, free of charge. More information on ordering data translation.

Number of Cases and Variables

124 variables and 992 cases.

Data Version

1.0

Completeness of Data and Restrictions

The material does not contain postal codes or the names of the municipalities of residence.

Weighting

Weighting coefficient has been assigned to sex, age and the area of residence (province). The coefficient has been calculated according to the 1996 population structure.

Citation Requirement

The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.

Bibliographical Citation

Church Research Institute: Gallup Ecclesiastica 1999 [dataset]. Version 1.0 (2002-01-22). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1107

Deposit Requirement

Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.

Disclaimer

The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

Related Publications

Monikasvoinen kirkko. Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko vuosina 2004-2007 (2008). Kirkon tutkimuskeskuksen julkaisuja; 103. Tampere: Kirkon tutkimuskeskus.

Salonen, Kari & Kääriäinen, Kimmo & Niemelä Kati (2000). Kirkko uudelle vuosituhannelle. Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko vuosina 1996-1999. Tampere: Kirkon tutkimuskeskus.

Rautio, Elina (2007). Tampereen evankelisluterilaisen seurakuntayhtymän tuottamien radio-ohjelmien kuuntelututkimus: tarkastelussa Radio Moreenissa lähetettävät Jumalanpalvelus, Kirkkokahveella ja Hengellisen musiikin toivekonsertti. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto. Tiedotusopin pro gradu -tutkielma.

Kääriäinen, Kimmo & Niemelä, Kati & Ketola, Kimmo (2005). Religion in Finland: Decline, Change and Transformation of Finnish Religiosity. Jyväskylä: Gummerus. Publication of the Research Institute of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Finland; 54.

Kääriäinen, Kimmo & Kati Niemelä & Kimmo Ketola (2003). Moderni kirkkokansa. Suomalaisten uskonnollisuus uudella vuosituhannella. Jyväskylä: Gummerus. Kirkon tutkimuskeskuksen julkaisuja; 82.

Brenner, Philip S (2011). Exceptional Behavior or Exceptional Identity? Overreporting of Church Attendance in the U.S. Public Opinion Quarterly 75,19-41. doi: 10.1093/poq/nfq068

Taira, Teemu (2012). More Visible But Limited in Its Popularity. Atheism (and Atheists) in Finland. Approaching Religion. Special Issues on the New Visibility of Atheism in Europe 2(1): 21-35.

Wikman, Noora (2011). Kirkossa pelkän perinteen vuoksi? Tutkimus kirkon jäsenyyteen sitoutuneista. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto. Uskonto- ja kirkkososiologian pro gradu -tutkielma

Taira, Teemu (2014) Väärin uskottu? Ateismin uusi näkyvyys. Turku: Eetos.

Haastettu kirkko. Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko vuosina 2008-2011 (2012). Kirkon tutkimuskeskuksen julkaisuja 115. Tampere: Kirkon tutkimuskeskus

Ketola, Kimmo, Hytönen, Maarit, Salminen, Veli-Matti, Sohlberg, Jussi & Sorsa, Leena (2016) Osallistuva luterilaisuus. Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko vuosina 2012-2015: Tutkimus kirkosta ja suomalaisista. Kirkon tutkimuskeskuksen julkaisuja 125. Tampere: Kirkon tutkimuskeskus.

Skoog, Emiliana (2018). Paholainen pappien keskuudessa. Tutkimus seitsemän seurakuntapapin pahuuskäsityksistä. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto. Uskontotieteen pro gradu -tutkielma.

Karhu, Juha (2020). Rukoilun merkityksestä juutalaisuudessa: Pro gradu -kyselytutkimus Suomen juutalaisten rukoilemiseen liittyvistä käsityksistä. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto. Lähi-idän tutkimuksen pro gradu -tutkielma. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:hulib-202012155200.

Niemi, R.-M. (2021) Kirkkoon kuulumisen yhteys elinajanodotteeseen Suomen aikuisväestössä 1999-2018. Helsingin yliopisto.

Taira, Teemu; Ketola, Kimmo & Sohlberg, Jussi (2022). Normalization of Nonreligious Identity in Finland. Journal of Contemporary Religion, doi:10.1080/13537903.2022.2138020